GEO with an AI agent: how to make your pages citable for AI search engines

GEO (generative engine optimization) is the work of writing and structuring your pages so AI search engines can find, understand and cite them. Think of ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini and Google AI Overviews. An AI agent can do that work page by page: it checks what a crawler sees, finds passages an AI answer cannot lift and proposes better versions. You decide what goes live.

Below you will read what GEO is and how it relates to regular SEO. You will also read which signals make a page citable, what an agent does in practice and how you can and cannot measure AI visibility.

Abstract pages with one highlighted passage flowing along cobalt blue lines into a central answer sphere
An AI search engine takes one clear passage from your page.

What is GEO and how is it different from SEO?

GEO builds on SEO, but the goal is different. With SEO you want your page to rank high in the list of search results. With GEO you want an AI search engine to use and name your page when it puts together an answer.

The term comes from a research paper by Aggarwal and colleagues, presented at the KDD conference in 2024. In their test setup, a source's visibility in AI answers rose by up to 40%, mainly when the text gained citations, quotations and statistics. That is a lab result on a fixed set of questions, not a promise for your site.

For Google, the difference is smaller than many GEO vendors claim. In its documentation on AI features, Google writes that a page must be indexed and eligible to appear in search results with a snippet. About AI Overviews and AI Mode it says, word for word: "There are no additional technical requirements." If your SEO basics are in order, you can appear in those AI answers too. ChatGPT and Perplexity use their own crawlers and have their own rules; you will read more about that further on.

Why does it matter to be named as a source?

Because people click through less when an AI summary sits above the results. Pew Research Center tracked the browsing behavior of 900 US adults in March 2025. People who saw a Google AI summary clicked a regular search result on 8% of visits. Without a summary, that was 15%.

For a business, that means part of your potential customers read the answer and no longer click. If your page is named in that answer, they still see your name. A buyer who asks ChatGPT how to automate a process with AI gets an answer with a few sources. Whether your page is one of them depends on how well it answers the question and whether the AI search engine can read it.

Which signals make a page citable?

An AI search engine usually lifts a short passage from a page and summarizes it. A page is citable when such a passage is correct and clear on its own. These are the signals that help:

  • Answer first: under every question heading, a direct answer follows within two or three sentences, and only then the explanation.

  • A definition: when you explain a concept, put the definition up front in one sentence, with the term itself in it.

  • Question headings: headings that repeat the reader's question, so an AI search engine links the answer to the right question.

  • Sources and quotations: figures with a source and a date, and verbatim quotes from official documentation.

  • Readable for crawlers: the text is in the HTML, the page is indexed and robots.txt allows the right crawlers.

  • Structured data that matches: FAQ markup contains exactly the same questions as the visible FAQ.

Two technical points need extra explanation. The first is robots.txt. According to its own crawler documentation, OpenAI uses separate crawlers for search and for training: OAI-SearchBot lets you appear in ChatGPT's search features, GPTBot collects text to train models. You can allow one and block the other. If you block OAI-SearchBot, ChatGPT will not show your page in search answers.

Google works differently. Its AI features are part of Search, so your robots.txt rules for Googlebot also decide whether a page can appear in AI Overviews and AI Mode. Google-Extended is a separate setting. According to Google's overview of its crawlers, it controls whether your content may be used to train Gemini models. It also covers grounding in the Gemini apps: pulling in search results while Gemini answers. It does not affect your inclusion in Google Search, so blocking Google-Extended does not take you out of AI Overviews. Perplexity and Anthropic publish their own crawler names too: PerplexityBot for Perplexity search, and Claude-SearchBot for search and ClaudeBot for training at Anthropic.

The second is llms.txt, a proposal for a markdown file at the root of your site with a short description and links to your most important pages. It helps agents that read your site find the right page quickly. It is not an official standard and not a ranking factor: Google does not ask for it. Voltti.ai does have one, because it takes little work and neatly summarizes our core pages.

SignalWhat the agent checksWhat you decide

Answer first

Is there a direct answer of at most three sentences under every question heading?

Which answer is your position

Sources and quotations

Does every figure and claim have a source with a date?

Which claims you can and want to make

Crawlers and indexing

robots.txt, sitemap and the index status in Search Console

Which AI crawlers you allow

Structured data

Does the FAQ markup match the visible questions?

Which questions belong on the page

llms.txt

Is the page listed, with a description that matches its content?

Which pages you offer as core

What does an AI agent do for GEO?

An AI agent such as Hermes takes over the checking work page by page. It reads the live HTML the way a crawler sees it, goes through the signals in the table and notes what is missing in each passage.

The agent then proposes specific changes: a definition sentence at the top, a short answer under a question heading, a source for a loose figure or a better description in llms.txt. After a change, the agent checks whether the JSON-LD is still valid and whether the FAQ markup still matches the visible FAQ.

If your CMS is connected, the agent also makes the changes. How such a connection works and which permissions you agree on is covered in SEO with an AI agent. That article is about the Search Console side: pulling search data and deciding page by page what needs to change. GEO adds a second check: can an AI search engine read and cite the page?

At Voltti, we have the agent run a GEO check on each page as well, next to the regular SEO audit. After those checks, several articles on this site got a definition in the first sentence, question headings with a short answer below them and verbatim quotes from their sources. One example is our article on SEO with an AI agent: the heading "Publishing directly in your CMS" became "Can the agent publish directly in your CMS?", with a one-sentence answer right below it: "Yes, if your CMS can be connected through an MCP server, and only within the permissions you agree on." The agent makes those changes in our CMS; we review the work and adjust where needed. Whether AI search engines name us more often as a result, we have not measured.

Can you measure AI visibility?

Partly. Google counts visits from AI Overviews and AI Mode in the regular Search Console performance report, under the Web search type. So you do not see them separately. Traffic that comes from chatgpt.com or perplexity.ai does show up as referral traffic in your web analytics.

An agent can also ask AI search engines a fixed list of questions every month and record whether your domain shows up as a source. Treat that as a sample, not a measurement: the same answer differs per session, per country and per model version. Some tools do this at scale. If you pick one, look at which questions it asks, because a score on questions your customers never ask says little.

Which GEO work stays with people?

The agent does the checking and proposes text. People choose which questions matter, check the claims and guard the tone. That last part weighs more in GEO than in SEO. An AI search engine sometimes copies your sentence almost word for word. A mistake in a definition or an overly bold promise then reaches more people than it would on your own page.

You also decide which crawlers you allow. If you do not want your text used for training, you can block GPTBot and allow OAI-SearchBot. And you accept that nobody can guarantee a mention. An AI search engine picks its own sources, and that choice changes with every model update.

How do you get started with GEO?

Pick five pages that answer a real buying question, such as what something costs, how it works or how you differ. Have the agent check those pages, read the proposals and decide what goes live. Repeat that every month for the next pages, and look at the Search Console data from your SEO cycle at the same time. That makes GEO a fixed part of your AI automation, like other recurring work an agent does for you.

Voltti sets up this way of working for businesses in Belgium and the Netherlands, with an AI agent on a system you choose. A pilot usually takes 2 to 4 weeks, from the first conversation to the evaluation. How we approach it is explained on our approach page. What else an AI agent can do for your business is on the page about the AI agent for your business.

Portrait of Seppe Gadeyne

Seppe Gadeyne is a developer and the owner of Voltti. He sets up AI agents for companies in Belgium and the Netherlands.

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Frequently asked questions

01Is GEO different from SEO?

Partly. GEO builds on the same foundation: a page has to be findable, indexed and useful. The difference is the goal. With SEO you want to rank high in search results, with GEO you want an AI search engine to name your page as a source. What counts most for that is short, direct answers, definitions and sources.

02Do you need an llms.txt file to appear in ChatGPT?

No. llms.txt is a proposal to guide agents quickly to your most important pages, not a condition for being cited. For ChatGPT search, it matters more that robots.txt allows OAI-SearchBot. For Google, there are no technical requirements beyond regular indexing.

03Can you make ChatGPT or Google name your business?

No. An AI search engine chooses its own sources, and that choice differs per question, session and model version. You can improve your chances with clear answers, sources and a page that is easy to read. There is no guarantee, not even with paid GEO tools.

04Should you block GPTBot?

That is a choice. GPTBot collects text to train OpenAI models. OAI-SearchBot lets you appear in ChatGPT search. You can block GPTBot and allow OAI-SearchBot. If you block OAI-SearchBot, ChatGPT will not show your page in search answers. For Google, blocking Google-Extended does not remove you from AI Overviews.

05Does the agent write text meant only for AI?

No. A page that an AI search engine can cite well is also easier for people to read: the answer comes first and every claim has a source. We do not create separate pages just for AI crawlers. Google treats pages mass-produced without added value as spam.

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